Free access

The Implementation of a Rent Assistance Program and Its Impacts on Recovery Outcomes for Individuals Experiencing Chronic Homelessness

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
21 September 2018

Abstract

This study explored the experiences of persons experiencing chronic homelessness with and without rent assistance. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 participants in order to determine if and how rent assistance impacted participants’ narratives of recovery. These narrative interviews, along with a focus group conducted with 10 support workers, explored implementation factors impacting recovery narratives. The findings suggest that access to rent assistance helps to promote recovery outcomes, conceptualized as life transitions (streets to home, home to community, and past to future), among individuals experiencing chronic homelessness. These transitions were enhanced by various participant, program, and community factors.

Résumé

Cette étude porte sur l’expérience de personnes vivant en situation d’itinérance chronique, bénéficiant ou non d’un supplément au loyer. Des entrevues qualitatives ont été menées auprès de 12 participants afin de déterminer si le supplément au loyer influençait leurs récits de rétablissement et, le cas échéant, de quelle façon. Ces entrevues narratives, réalisées en conjonction avec un groupe de discussion réunissant 10 intervenants de soutien, ont permis d’explorer les facteurs d’implantation ayant un impact sur les récits de rétablissement. Les résultats suggèrent que l’accès au supplément au loyer contribue à promouvoir le rétablissement chez les personnes vivant en situation d’itinérance chronique en renvoyant au concept de transitions de vie (de la rue à la maison, de la maison à la communauté, et du passé au futur). Ces transitions étaient facilitées par divers facteurs liés aux participants, au programme et à la communauté.

Formats available

You can view the full content in the following formats:

References

Aubry T., Cherner R., Ecker J., Jetté J., Rae J., Yamin S., Sylvestre J., Bourque J., and McWilliams N. 2015 Perceptions of private market landlords who rent to tenants of a housing first program American Journal of Community Psychology 55 292 -303
Aubry T., Farrell S., Hwang S. W., and Calhoun M. 2013 Identifying the patterns of emergency shelter stays of single individuals in Canadian cities of different sizes Housing Studies 28 910 -927
Aubry T., Nelson G., and Tsemberis S. 2015 Pathways Housing First for people with severe mental illness who are homeless: A review of the research Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 60 467 -474
Braun V. and Clarke V. 2006 Using thematic analysis in psychology Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 77 -101 https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1992). Ecological systems theory. In R. Vasta (Ed), Six theories of child development: Revised formulations and current issues (pp. 187–249). London: Jessica Kingsely Publishers Ltd.
Coltman L., Gapka S., Harriott D., Koo M., Reid J., and Zsager A. 2015 Understanding community integration in a Housing-First approach: Toronto At Home/Chez Soi community-based research Intersectionalities: A Global Journal of Social Work Analysis, Research, Polity, and Practice 4 2 39 -50
Deegan P. 1996 Recovery as a journey of the heart Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 19 91 -97
Gaetz, S., Dej, E., Richter, T., & Redman, M. (2016): The state of homelessness in Canada 2016. Toronto: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press.
Gubits, D., Shinn, M., Bell, S., Wood, M., Dastrup, S., Solari, C. D., Brown, S. R., Brown, S., Dunton, L., Lin, W., McInnis, D., Rodriguez, J., Savidge, G., & Spellman, B. E. (2015). Family options study: Short-term impacts of housing and services interventions for homeless families. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Guest G., Bunce A., and Johnson L. 2006 How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability Field Methods 18 59 -82
Henwood B. F., Shinn M., Tsemberis S., and Padgett D. K. 2013 Examining provider perspectives with Housing First and traditional programs American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitaiton 16 262 -274
Hulchanski, J. D., Campsie, P., Chau, S. B. Y., Hwang, S. W., & Paradis, E. (2009). Homelessness: What’s in a word? In Hulchanski, J. David, Campsie, P., Chau, S. B.Y., Hwang, S. H., & Paradis, E., Finding home: Policy options for addressing homelessness in Canada (ebook). Toronto: Cities Centre, University of Toronto.
Hurlburt M. S., Wood P. A., and Hough R. L. 1996 Providing independent housing for the homeless mentally ill: A novel approach to evaluating long-term longitudinal housing patterns Journal of Community Psychology 24 291 -310
Juhila K., Hall C., Günther K., Raitakari S., and Saario S. 2015 Accepting and negotiating service users’ choices in mental health transition meetings Social Policy and Administration 49 612 -630
Kennedy J., Arku G., and Cleave E. 2017 The experiences of front-line service providers of Housing First programme delivery in three communities in Ontario, Canada International Journal of Housing Policy 17 3 396 -416
Kirkpatrick H. and Byrne C. 2011 A narrative inquiry of a program that provides permanent housing with supports to homeless individuals with severe mental illness Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 30 1 31 -43
Kloos B., Zimmerman S., Scrimenti K., Crusto C., Anthony W. A., and Rutman I. D. 2002 Landlords as partners for promoting success in supported housing: “It takes more than a lease and a key.” Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 25 235 -244
Kuhn R. and Culhane D. P. 1998 Applying cluster analysis to test a typology of homelessness by pattern of shelter utilization: Results from the analysis of administrative data American Journal of Community Psychology 26 207 -232
MacLeod, T., Aubry, T., Nelson, G., Dorvil, H., McCullough, S., & O’Campo, P. (2017). Landlords and scattered-site housing. In J. Sylvestre, G. Nelson, & T. Aubry (Eds.), Housing, citizenship, and communities for people with serious mental illness: Theory, research, practice, and policy perspectives (pp. 351–368). New York: Oxford University Press.
Macnaughton E., Stefancic A., Nelson G., Caplan R., Townley G., Aubry T., McCullough S., Patterson M., Stergiopoulos V., Vallée C., Tsemberis S., Fleury M.-J., Piat M., and Goering P. 2015 Implementing Housing First across sites and over time: Later fidelity and implementation evaluation of a pan-Canadian multi-site Housing First program for homeless people with mental illness American Journal of Community Psychology 55 279 -291
Macnaughton E., Townley G., Nelson G., Caplan R., Macleod T., Polvere L., Isaak C., Kirst M., Mcall C., Nolin D., Patterson M., Piat M., and Goering P. 2016 How does housing first catalyze recovery?: Qualitative findings from a Canadian multisite randomized controlled trial American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation 19 136 -159 https://doi.org/10.1080/15487768.2016.1162759
Markus H. and Nurius P. 1986 Possible selves American Psychologist 41 954 -969
Mezzina R., Borg M., Marin I., Sells D., Topor A., and Davidson L. 2006 From participation to citizenship: How to regain a role, a status, and a life in the process of recovery American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation 9 39 -61
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Nelson G., Clarke J., Febbraro A., and Hatzipantelis M. 2005 A narrative approach to the evaluation of supportive housing: Stories of homeless people who have experienced mental illness Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 29 98 -104
Nelson G., Patterson M., Kirst M., Macnaughton E., Isaak C., Nolin D., McAll C., Stergiopoulos V., Townley G., MacLeod T., Piat M., and Goering P. 2015 Life changes among homeless persons with mental illness: A longitudinal comparison of those entering Housing First and usual treatment Psychiatric Services 66 592 -597
Padgett D. K. 2007 There’s no place like (a) home: Ontological security among persons with serious mental illness in the United States Social Science & Medicine 64 9 1925 -1936
Padgett D. K, Smith B., Choy-Brown M., Tiderington E., and Mercado M. 2016 Trajectories of recovery among formerly homeless adults with serious mental illness Psychiatric Services 67 610 -614 doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500126
Padgett D. K., Tidderington E., Smith B. T., Derejko K.-S., and Henwood B. F. 2016 Complex recovery: Understanding the lives of formerly homeless adults with complex needs Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless 25 60 -70
Pankratz C., Nelson G., and Morrison M. 2017 A quasi-experimental evaluation of rent assistance for individuals experiencing chronic homelessness Journal of Community Psychology
Press, J. (2017, January 12). Liberals explore creation of new housing benefit for low-income renters. CBC News. Retrieved from: http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/renter-housing-benefit-1.3933577
Ridgway P. and Zipple A. M. 1990 The paradigm shift in residential services: From the linear continuum to support housing approaches Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal 13 4 11 -31
Rosenheck R., Kasprow W., Frisman L., and Liu-Mares W. 2003 Cost-effectiveness of supported housing for homeless persons with mental illness Archives of General Psychiatry 60 940 -951
Shinn M., Brown S., Wood M., and Gubits D. 2016 Housing and service interventions for families experiencing homelessness in the United States: An experimental evaluation European Journal of Homelessness 10 1 13 -30
Stanhope V. 2012 The ties that bind: Using ethnographic methods to understand service engagement Qualitative Social Work 11 412 -430
Tsemberis, S. (2015). Housing First: The Pathways model to end homelessness for people with mental illness and addiction. Center City, MN: Hazelden.
Volk J., Goering P., Aubry T., Adair C. E., Distasio J., Nolin D., Jetté J., Stergiopoulos V., Streiner D., and Tsemberis S. 2016 Tenants with additional needs: When Housing First does not solve homelessness Journal of Mental Health 25 169 -175 https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2015.1101416

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 37Number 1May 2018
Pages: 49 - 63

History

Version of record online: 21 September 2018

Key Words

  1. homelessness
  2. housing first
  3. rent assistance
  4. recovery
  5. implementation
  6. qualitative methods

Mots-clés

  1. itinérance
  2. logement d’abord
  3. supplément au loyer
  4. rétablissement
  5. implantation
  6. méthodes qualitatives

Authors

Affiliations

Courtney Pankratz [email protected]
Wilfrid Laurier University
Geoffrey Nelson
Wilfrid Laurier University
Marie Morrison
The Region of Waterloo

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Other Metrics

Citations

Cite As

Export Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

There are no citations for this item

View Options

View options

PDF

View PDF

Get Access

Login options

Check if you access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Subscribe

Click on the button below to subscribe to Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health

Purchase options

Purchase this article to get full access to it.

Restore your content access

Enter your email address to restore your content access:

Note: This functionality works only for purchases done as a guest. If you already have an account, log in to access the content to which you are entitled.

Media

Media

Other

Tables

Share Options

Share

Share the article link

Share on social media