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- OPEN ACCESSUsing a qualitative design, this study examines changes in the caregiving relationship in ten siblings caring for a brother or sister with severe schizophrenia. Siblings reported mourning the loss of a person they once knew and struggled to accept the brother or sister’s dependency in day-to-day living. As the relationship progressed, siblings became closer to their ill brother or sister and learned to appreciate modest accomplishments as evidence of success. Siblings expressed ambivalence toward transitioning into a primary caregiving role as their parents aged. Including these siblings in community care planning is a necessary step in supporting them toward this transition later in life.
- OPEN ACCESSUne formation pour le dépistage des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) destinée à des intervenant(e)s des services de santé généraux du Québec a été évaluée dans le but de cerner ses effets sur l’utilisation de données probantes dans les pratiques. L’analyse des réponses aux questionnaires complétés par les intervenant(e)s révèle une acquisition de connaissances, des réactions positives envers la formation et une intention d’utiliser les connaissances acquises. Lors d’entretiens semi-structurés postformation (3 mois), les intervenant(e)s rapportent avoir utilisé les connaissances sous diverses formes et ont identifié des facteurs influençant l’adoption des pratiques enseignées. L’importance d’adapter les pratiques au contexte québécois est discutée.
- OPEN ACCESSOperating in a small urban Canadian location, Change Clinic is a brief counselling service intended for child and adolescent mental health issues. It blends principles from different strength-based and client-centred approaches to counselling (e.g., solution-focused, narrative, and single session therapies). Using the parent-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, changes in child and adolescent mental health difficulties were assessed. Compared to pre-test scores, significant improvements in behavioural, emotional, and hyperactivity problems were observed six months after delivery of the service. Effect size was estimated to be moderate (.62) based on the Added Value Score calculation. Almost three quarters of clients were served in one to two sessions.
- OPEN ACCESSThere is a growing mental health crisis among university students in Canada. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effect of an in-class mindfulness intervention on the mental health of undergraduate students. Cross-sectional design was used and data were collected using self-reported questionnaires that included scale-rated and open-ended questions (n = 435). Integrating open-ended themes with statistical findings, the final analysis suggests the intervention had a positive effect on the mental health of student participants. A classroom environment that fosters learning, builds community, and encourages compassion were identified as ways in which the intervention “works” to promote positive mental health.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Phyllis Montgomery,
- Amy Wuest,
- Cheryl Forchuk,
- Tracy Smith-Carrier,
- Momodou S. Jeng (Mo), and
- Abraham (Rami) Rudnick
This study describes the meaning of social inclusion to persons living with mental illness and poverty. Participants were recruited from health and social services where they completed the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ). From this sample, 46 participants attended one of three focus groups that corresponded with their self-reported CIQ scores. Thematic analysis showed that regardless of their CIQ scores, participants described freedom as both a liberating process for, and outcome of, social inclusion; freedom allows for the accumulation of health and social capital commensurate with one’s complex needs, and freedom represents success in the construction life surrounded by affirming others. - OPEN ACCESSThe Dalhousie University Social Work Community Clinic, a unique inter-professional community-university initiative, opened its doors in 2014 and has supported over 400 marginalized community members and provided field placements for over 65 health profession students. The clinic espouses a social justice/ anti-oppressive teaching, learning and service delivery platform.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Ginette Aubin,
- Manon Parisien,
- Norma Gilbert,
- Bernadette Dallaire,
- Véronique Billette, and
- Julie Beauchamp
To better support the social participation of seniors with mental health or psychosocial challenges, we developed a manualized group program. Following program testing, participating agencies and group leaders expressed their appreciation of the program and identified its facilitators and barriers. The revised version is available in French and English. - OPEN ACCESS
- Marc Corbière,
- Patrizia Villotti,
- Carolyn S. Dewa,
- Hélène Sultan-Taïeb,
- Franco Fraccaroli,
- Sara Zaniboni,
- Marie-José Durand, and
- Tania Lecomte
Social firms (SFs) are an appealing model for people with a mental health condition who are having difficulties maintaining their employment in a competitive labour market. The goal of this study is to compare the availability of work accommodations in two types of Canadian SFs, by interviewing supervisors working in adapted enterprises and consumer/survivor-run businesses, and by obtaining the perceptions of the workers with a mental health condition regarding the usefulness of these accommodations. Results indicate accommodations in both types of SFs are readily available and useful. A significant difference between the two types of SFs is the availability of a job coach whose presence workers found useful in adapted enterprises. Natural supports from stakeholders (e.g., supervisors, job coach) are important for work sustainability. - OPEN ACCESSQualitative studies provide a different kind of understanding of the effectiveness of community treatment orders (CTOs) by exploring the perspectives of stakeholders. This article documents a systematic review of 12 qualitative studies that explored the views of families of individuals on a CTO. Relevant databases and grey literature were searched. Themes were identified: the benefits of CTOs outweigh the disadvantages, CTOs increased their involvement in care, and families were dissatisfied with aspects of the CTO process. Recommendations include how to maximize the benefits of CTOs, reduce administrative burdens and employ strategies to increase involvement of families in the care of their loved ones.
- OPEN ACCESSThis investigation examined needs and concerns of transgender youth and their families throughout the island of Newfoundland. Twenty-four youth and 21 parents completed qualitative questionnaires. Both parent and youth participants expressed concern about general practitioners’ lack of knowledge of transgender healthcare. Trans youths’ main concerns included lack of parental support, feelings of dysphoria, the desire to be fully accepted, and safety. Parents’ main concerns included wait times for care, their child’s mental health, lack of information or guidance, safety, and depathologizing their children’s identities. The findings point to six key recommendations for healthcare providers and policymakers.
- OPEN ACCESSThis report describes how graduate students in nursing education have developed capacity among student nurses in response to the opioid crisis in Canada by using education on harm reduction practice and naloxone administration.
- OPEN ACCESSTrauma, addiction, and homelessness for Indigenous people are interwoven with colonialism and the loss of culture. I’taamohkanoohsin is a grassroots program that was developed to support healing and recovery for a highly marginalized Indigenous population with concurrent mental health challenges and other complex needs in a downtown core neighbourhood.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Manuel Riemer,
- Carol A. Stalker,
- Livia Dittmer,
- Cheryl-Anne Cait,
- Susan Horton,
- Narges Kermani, and
- Jocelyn Booton
The walk-in counselling (WIC) model of service delivery has been found to reduce psychological distress more quickly than a traditional model of service delivery involving a wait list. A question remains, however, as to the relative benefit of the WIC model for different client groups. The present study uses graphical inspection and multilevel modelling to conduct moderator analyses comparing two agencies, one with a WIC clinic and the other with a traditional wait list approach, and their relative impact on psychological distress. Key findings regarding the differential benefits for different types of presenting problems as well as clients at different stages of change are discussed. - OPEN ACCESS
- Mélanie M. Gagnon,
- Delphine Collin-Vézina,
- Renée Séguin,
- Martine Hébert,
- Mireille Cyr, and
- Isabelle V. Daignault
Le but de l’article est de présenter les résultats d’un consortium d’experts désignés par le Centre d’expertise Marie-Vincent. Le mandat du consortium était d’évaluer l’état des connaissances sur les agressions sexuelles envers les enfants âgés de 5 ans et moins. Cette synthèse met en lumière les défis liés au dépistage, aux enquêtes et à l’évaluation de l’agression sexuelle chez les jeunes enfants. Le manque important de connaissances à ce sujet limite le développement de cadres de référence pour orienter les stratégies de prévention et d’intervention, qui pourtant s’avèrent essentielles pour contribuer au mieux-être des jeunes victimes et de leurs familles. - OPEN ACCESSThis paper describes the development and psychometric testing of the Substance Use Wellness Tool, created to help raise awareness about alcohol and other substance misuse among university undergraduates. The tool is a self- and peer-reflection guide that students can use to monitor and alter their patterns of substance use. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the tool was unidimensional and that all 13 assessed domains were important. Cronbach’s alpha indicated the tool was highly reliable. Construct (convergent) validity for alcohol use with the 10-item AUDIT was also good, with strong correlations overall and within subgroups defined by gender, year of study, and university site.
- OPEN ACCESSAlthough many individual risk factors have been identified for student mental health problems and alcohol misuse, there is a relative paucity of research that examines how variables, such as campus environment, contribute to students’ experiences of these problems. This study examined a series of perceived campus environment factors (e.g., feeling valued, feeling they fit in, believing faculty care about them, perceived administrative concern for mental health and substance abuse) and the relationships among these perceived campus environment variables and students’ mental well-being, risk of harmful drinking, and their willingness to seek help for a substance use or mental health concern. A total of 1,885 first-year undergraduate university students including 938 females, 936 males and 11 “non-binary” participants, from three geographically diverse Canadian university sites, completed online surveys. The results demonstrated significant associations among the perceived campus environment variables and both mental health and alcohol misuse outcomes. It was also observed that whether a student lived in residence or off campus significantly affected which campus environment factors were most associated with their reported mental health and alcohol misuse. Additionally, willingness to help-seek was related with students’ perceptions of campus culture. These patterns globally demonstrated the importance of campus culture for student mental health and alcohol use. Strengths and limitations of the study, as well as directions for future research on the relations of campus culture to mental health, substance use, and help-seeking are discussed.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Ivy-Lee L. Kehayes,
- Amanda Hudson,
- Kara Thompson,
- Christine Wekerle,
- Heather Stuart,
- Keith Dobson,
- Terry Krupa, and
- Sherry H. Stewart
Alcohol intoxication is often involved for both victims and perpetrators of sexual victimization. Yet, alcohol-involved sexual victimization research has mainly focused on female victims, excluding male victims. The current study addresses gaps in the literature by focusing on sex differences in the emotional harms (anxiety and depression symptomatology) experienced by sexual victimization victims when either the perpetrator or victim was drinking. Five-hundred-and-ten undergraduate drinkers (153 male; 357 female) participated. Models included two dichotomized predictors that occurred during participants’ first year of university (sexually victimized when the victim was drinking, sexually victimized by someone who was drinking), and two emotional outcomes (anxiety, depression). Age was controlled in all path analyses and sex was examined as a moderator. When predictors were examined in separate models, both predictors were associated with increased anxiety but not depression. These effects were significantly stronger among men. When both predictors were entered simultaneously, individuals who were victimized by someone drinking displayed increased anxiety, and this relationship was stronger among men than women victims. Being victimized when drinking was no longer associated with anxiety, consistent with prior findings that post-traumatic distress may be minimized when a trauma occurs while the victim is intoxicated. Results highlight the impact sexual victimization can have for both male and female victims, and point to the need for evidence-based policies to prevent emotional second-hand alcohol harms among male and female students alike. - OPEN ACCESSThis paper describes a project that took place at three large Canadian universities aimed at engaging male students to address alcohol misuse and associated mental health issues through a gendered and campus culture lens. Although considerable effort has been put into decreasing alcohol misuse on campuses, most of this effort has been aimed at individual factors, rather than targeting the cultural and gendered context through which most post-secondary students consume alcohol. Gender transformative and gender sensitive health promotion approaches were guiding frameworks for the project. In addition to discussing how gender theory was implemented in a post-secondary context, this paper also explores some of the key features that guided these projects including the Summit Model, social marketing, sharing narratives of alcohol misuse and mental health, and planning for sustainability. Key lessons learned in engaging male students to be involved in challenging gendered norms related to alcohol misuse on campus are discussed.
- OPEN ACCESSThe social norms approach to changing excessive drinking behaviour is predicated upon findings that overestimations of peer drinking predict one’s own drinking behaviour. Prior studies have yet to examine whether such social norms effects pertain equally to both genders. First-year students from a Canadian university (N = 1,155; 696 males, 459 females) were assessed for the relationship between misperceived drinking norms and hazardous drinking using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption scale (AUDIT-C). A significant positive relationship between the overestimated drinking frequency norm and hazardous drinking was determined for female students, where the odds of hazardous drinking increased by 1.92 (95% CI: 1.32–2.79) when the norm of other female students was overestimated. A non-significant association was found for male students, where the odds of hazardous drinking were unrelated to overestimation of the drinking norm of other male students. The null association for male students highlights a potential problem when using social norms interventions for alcohol reduction for males in the university context. Implications of these results for the utilization of the social norms approach to alcohol reduction are discussed.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Heather Stuart,
- Shu-Ping Chen,
- Terry Krupa,
- Tasha Narain,
- Salinda Horgan,
- Keith Dobson, and
- Sherry Stewart
The Caring Campus project was a three-year intervention research project funded by Movember Canada that fostered new awareness regarding the interconnection between gender, mental health, and substance (specifically alcohol) misuse on three university campuses in Canada, and encouraged new approaches to promote young men’s health. In this project, we demonstrated that male students are willing to assume leadership roles to promote mental health and healthier alcohol use to their peers and enact a social agenda for change. Empowerment strategies encouraged male students to enlist like-minded peers to advance men’s mental health and transform campus drinking cultures, including countering gender-based ideals and norms associated with mental health problems and substance misuse. There is now great potential to influence the way in which other post-secondary institutions approach mental wellness and substance misuse using the Caring Campus model, which uses student empowerment to catalyze change.
