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- OPEN ACCESS
- Erin M. McCabe,
- Teresa Katherine Lightbody,
- Christine Mummery,
- Angela Coloumbe,
- Kathy GermAnn,
- Beverly Lent,
- Laurene Black,
- Kathryn E. R. Graham,
- Douglas P. Gross, and
- Maxi Miciak
Practitioners in emergency departments across Canada are challenged with providing quality mental health (MH) care for children and youth despite increased demand for services. Coordinated service strategies, such as clinical pathways, are needed to effectively manage paediatric MH disorders. Practitioners in a children’s hospital emergency department implemented a pathway to improve the care of children and youth with MH conditions. This paper describes an external evaluation of practitioner and stakeholder experiences of the initiative as well as the implementation process, then explores current state and lessons learned. The paper provides a unique contribution to the practitioner-led implementation literature. - OPEN ACCESS
- Farooq Naeem,
- Tasneem Khan,
- Kenneth Fung,
- Lavanya Narasiah,
- Jaswant Guzder, and
- Laurence J. Kirmayer
Research into social determinants of mental and emotional health problems highlighted the need to understand the cultural factors. Mental health of immigrants is influenced by a variety of cultural, psychological, social, and economic factors. There is some evidence to suggest that South Asian people have higher rates of mental and emotional health problems than the rest of the Canadian population. Limited research also suggests that psycho-social factors are highly likely to be responsible for these high rates of mental health problems. These psychosocial factors may be impeding access and engagement with the services. These socially determined emotional and mental health problems are more likely to respond to psychosocial interventions than biological treatments. Evidence-based psychosocial interventions such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) might offer the way forward. CBT can be offered in a low-cost, low intensity format in a variety of settings, thus addressing the attached stigma. However, these interventions need to be culturally adapted, as these are underpinned by a Western value system. CBT has been culturally adapted and found to be effective in this group elsewhere. This opinion paper describes the need to enhance research on psychosocial determinants of the mental and emotional health problems, status, and the psychosocial determinants of health amongst South Asians in Canada to inform our understanding of the cultural specificity of psychosocial interventions. - OPEN ACCESS
- Nadine Blanchette-Martin,
- Francine Ferland,
- Rosalie Genois,
- Chantal Plourde,
- François Dallaire, and
- Annie Labbé
Il est reconnu que l’intervention intégrée fait partie des meilleures pratiques auprès des personnes présentant un trouble psychotique en concomitance avec un trouble de l’utilisation des substances (TUS). Une telle intervention a été développée dans la région de Chaudière-Appalaches (Québec) afin de favoriser le rétablissement des personnes aux prises avec ces troubles concomitants. Cet article présente l’évaluation des retombées de la participation au programme pour les usagers. Les résultats indiquent qu’un an après avoir débuté, ils ont diminué leurs visites à l’urgence, leurs hospitalisations et leur consommation de substances et ont amélioré leur santé psychologique et leur qualité de vie. - OPEN ACCESSRecovery is a policy framework for mental health in Canada. Key challenges to the integration of recovery include a gap in knowledge about the work that people do to promote their health and well-being in the context of living with mental ill health. This study used Photovoice to explore the lived realities of people living with mental ill health and the impact of the social determinants on their recovery process. Findings from this study inform policy and practice on promoting health work as an important dimension of recovery and community inclusion.
- OPEN ACCESSDe nombreux témoignages de femmes rapportent des expériences de détresse, de souffrance ou de violence lors de l‘accouchement, nommées « violence obstétricale » par les groupes de défense de droits en périnatalité. Or, les écrits mentionnent peu les perceptions des intervenantes en périnatalité confrontées à cette problématique. Par le biais de groupes de discussion auprès d‘intervenantes communautaires en périnatalité au Québec (n = 29), cette étude documente leurs représentations de situations de violence obstétricale, les difficultés qu‘elles rencontrent et leurs stratégies d‘intervention. Les résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de cette forme de violence et à une réflexion sur les efforts à fournir pour favoriser le bien-être des femmes durant la période périnatale.
- OPEN ACCESSMalgré l’offre de soins de santé mentale dans les soins primaires, la fragmentation des soins de santé mentale et physique demeure. Cet article analyse des modèles de prise en charge qui permettraient une globalité des soins, et fonde ses résultats sur 7 études de cas d’équipes multidisciplinaires reposant sur une pratique infirmière élargie au Québec, ainsi que sur des entrevues avec des professionnels de la santé (n = 51). Les résultats démontrent que les rôles demeurent cloisonnés suivant une dichotomie santé mentale et physique, et ce, malgré la composition multidisciplinaire des équipes. Ils indiquent également l’existence d’un rapport inversement proportionnel entre la complexité des situations de soins et le nombre de professionnels impliqués.
- OPEN ACCESSThis paper explores the role of an innovative trauma-informed, strengths-based education program designed to address barriers to education about the self-esteem and well-being of survivors of torture and/or war. Results show a statistically significant change in participants’ self-esteem measures. Qualitative data suggest that the participants perceived the program as a safe space that afforded social support and factual information about access to tertiary education. The program also reinforced participants’ sense of belonging and helped sustain their feelings of hope and motivation. Trauma-informed, strengths-based educational programming is a promising framework that can support survivor’s self-esteem, sense of identity, and successful resettlement.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Catherine Briand,
- Rose-Anne St-Paul,
- Martin Lagacé,
- Gabrielle Massé,
- Amélie Dumont,
- Alexandre Gravel,
- Edith Lafrance, and
- Alex Chayer
Les difficultés fonctionnelles, le faible statut socioéconomique et l’isolement social font partie des facteurs qui influencent les choix alimentaires des personnes ayant un ayant un trouble mental grave. Quelles sont les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux graves concernant l’alimentation ? Cet article présente les résultats d’entrevues de groupe auprès de 23 participants atteints d’un trouble mental grave et à risque d’insécurité alimentaire. Cette étude vise à documenter la perception de ces personnes à l’égard de leur situation alimentaire afin de décrire cette réalité et en permettre une compréhension approfondie. L’analyse qualitative des données d’entrevue permet d’identifier 4 grands thèmes explicatifs. - OPEN ACCESSLes Inuit du Nunavik, suite aux changements sociaux considérables auxquels ils font face, vivent des difficultés importantes de santé mentale. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’explorer la vision qu’ont les jeunes Inuit de la santé mentale et de vérifier si les services offerts par les organismes locaux comblent leurs besoins. Pour ce faire, 5 jeunes adultes de 18 à 25 ans ont été recrutés. Par le biais de Photovoice, ils ont illustré leur définition de la santé mentale. Neuf entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées auprès d’intervenantes et d’intervenants clés oeuvrant au sein d’organismes du milieu. Par une analyse thématique, utilisant les théories de Maslow et de Bronfenbrenner, la vision des jeunes a été analysée ainsi que le rôle de chaque organisme. Une compréhension de leur vision de la santé mentale en ressort et celle-ci est essentielle afin que les ressources mises à leur disposition puissent fournir une réponse culturellement appropriée. Ainsi, il sera possible, en partenariat avec la communauté, de déterminer les actions à prioriser à l’avenir.
- OPEN ACCESSThis study tested the association between tenancy status in public housing and demographic, geographic, socioeconomic, health status, and health service use characteristics using linked population-based administrative data from Manitoba, Canada. The data were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Age, residence location, receipt of income assistance, residential mobility, being diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder, and continuity of care were significantly associated with moving. Voluntary moves were only associated with socioeconomic characteristics, while eviction was also associated with health status and health service use characteristics. Public housing authorities can benefit from this profile of resident characteristics in order to identify who may need supports to have a successful tenancy.
- OPEN ACCESSIt is common for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) to require support for mental health and addictions but there are challenges associated with receiving appropriate care in Canada. This qualitative investigation of the barriers and enablers to the development of a clinical pathway in mental health and addictions included focus groups of individuals with FASD, caregivers, family members, and clinicians. Data was thematically coded and the following themes are described: the absence of support outside of crisis, the struggle of navigating separated services, the common experience of service providers who lack understanding of FASD, and the benefits of FASD-informed care.
- OPEN ACCESSThe current study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel three-hour Guided Mindfulness Program on participants’ management of depression, anxiety and stress. The intervention included an educational component emphasizing the psychological value of mindfulness practice combined with a practical training component in mindfulness techniques. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was administered at three points in time before and after participation in the program. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore perceived quality of life, happiness, and stress 4 to 8 weeks following the program. All participants reported improvements in overall well-being and reported significant decreases in negative affect when comparing pre-program scores (baseline) to follow-up scores. Notably, qualitative interview results indicated that participants attributed most positive post-program results to informal mindfulness practice.
- OPEN ACCESSMobile crisis services for children and youth have been available in Ontario since 2000 yet little descriptive information about such services exists. In this evaluation, crisis workers gathered demographic information and details about the nature of the crisis from youth ages 12 to 17 and parents/guardians of children from birth to 17 years of age during a crisis intervention. Approximately two weeks post-intervention, participants responded to a quantitative questionnaire administered via telephone that measured levels of upset, awareness, coping, and confidence. This paper adds to the literature by describing the types of calls received, characteristics of service users, and outcomes for youth and families. The findings suggest this type of service may be valuable in serving youth, and that more rigorous examination is required by mobile crisis services for youth to demonstrate the true contribution.
- OPEN ACCESSSocial support is closely connected to mental health and well-being as well as experiences of housing vulnerability. This study explored differences between homeless and vulnerably housed women in their experiences of social support. Forty-nine homeless and 43 vulnerably housed women completed 3 measures to assess their social networks, social support networks, and global social support. Vulnerably housed women reported fewer social support network members than homeless women. Social support network size was found to be a predictor of global social support score. These findings suggest that housing status impacts social support in homeless and vulnerably housed women, which may have implications for their well-being.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Marie-Josée Fleury,
- Guy Grenier,
- Jean-Marie Bamvita,
- Catherine Vallée,
- Lambert Farand, and
- François Chiocchio
Cet article explore l’impact des structures et processus de travail des équipes sur les personnes utilisatrices dans trois réseaux de services en santé mentale du Québec dans un contexte de réforme. Des coordonnateurs (N = 41), professionnels de soins (N = 311) et des personnes utilisatrices (N = 327) ont été sondés. Les effets sur les personnes utilisatrices dans le troisième réseau, semi-urbain, sont similaires à ceux du premier réseau, urbain et mieux nanti. L’autonomie d’équipe, la participation décisionnelle et des interactions avec les partenaires du réseau peuvent contribuer à améliorer la continuité des services, la qualité de vie et le rétablissement des personnes utilisatrices malgré un financement moindre. - OPEN ACCESS
- Daphnée Genesse,
- Katherine Bécotte,
- Audrey Brassard,
- Coralie Purcell-Lévesque, and
- Katherine Péloquin
Environ un couple canadien sur six est confronté à l’infertilité. Le stress découlant du diagnostic et des traitements de fertilité peut affecter le bien-être psychologique des hommes comme des femmes. La présente étude examine l’expérience psychologique des hommes et des femmes québécois. L’analyse thématique des entrevues semi-structurées de huit femmes et six hommes a permis de dégager les éléments plus spécifiques à la femme, à l’homme et les éléments communs aux deux. Comprendre l’expérience psychologique des hommes et femmes en traitement de fertilité permettra d’adapter les interventions des professionnels de la santé selon le genre pour soutenir adéquatement chaque partenaire. - OPEN ACCESSCette étude qualitative s’intéresse aux facteurs pouvant expliquer les difficultés rencontrées par les jeunes hommes (18–35 ans) ayant vécu un premier épisode psychotique à établir et maintenir des relations amoureuses. Douze participants ont pris part à une entrevue semi-structurée d’environ 60 minutes. Quatre thèmes principaux sont ressortis de l’analyse des données, soit la Gestion de la proximité, la Conception de l’intimité, l’Identité et le Processus de rétablissement. Les difficultés rencontrées seraient liées à des expériences relationnelles antérieures et à des difficultés métacognitives et de régulation émotionnelle suite à un épisode psychotique, mais des études supplémentaires sont requises.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Elizabeth Guevara,
- Mireille Valois,
- Ina Winkelmann,
- Ridha Joober,
- Karen Goldberg, and
- Srividya N. Iyer
The availability of affordable, youth-friendly, recovery-oriented housing for persons with first-episode psychosis is limited. We report on the conceptualization, implementation and implications of a pilot housing project combining the principles of specialized early intervention for psychosis and those of “Housing First,” which holds much promise to address this service gap. - OPEN ACCESSThe workplace has a significant impact on individuals’ mental health and provides an ideal opportunity to address and enhance mental health. Ottawa Public Health created a series of videos and activities to support workplaces to take action on mental health. They have received national acclaim and are widely in use.
- OPEN ACCESSL’objectif de l’étude était d’explorer la façon dont les migrants et migrantes de l’Afrique subsaharienne définissent les troubles mentaux ainsi que les conséquences qu’ils y associent. Un total de 50 personnes ont participé à une entrevue individuelle. Alors que certaines personnes définissent les troubles mentaux à travers le concept de folie dont les principaux symptômes sont de nature comportementale et cognitive, d’autres adhèrent à une conception plus large qui englobe des troubles de nature affective et relationnelle. En retour, les troubles mentaux peuvent menacer les projets de vie, la santé et la sécurité physique de la personne atteinte et peuvent avoir des retombés sur ses relations interpersonnelles et sur la société en général. Les implications pour la pratique des professionnels sont discutées.
- OPEN ACCESSUsing a qualitative design, this study examines changes in the caregiving relationship in ten siblings caring for a brother or sister with severe schizophrenia. Siblings reported mourning the loss of a person they once knew and struggled to accept the brother or sister’s dependency in day-to-day living. As the relationship progressed, siblings became closer to their ill brother or sister and learned to appreciate modest accomplishments as evidence of success. Siblings expressed ambivalence toward transitioning into a primary caregiving role as their parents aged. Including these siblings in community care planning is a necessary step in supporting them toward this transition later in life.
- OPEN ACCESSUne formation pour le dépistage des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) destinée à des intervenant(e)s des services de santé généraux du Québec a été évaluée dans le but de cerner ses effets sur l’utilisation de données probantes dans les pratiques. L’analyse des réponses aux questionnaires complétés par les intervenant(e)s révèle une acquisition de connaissances, des réactions positives envers la formation et une intention d’utiliser les connaissances acquises. Lors d’entretiens semi-structurés postformation (3 mois), les intervenant(e)s rapportent avoir utilisé les connaissances sous diverses formes et ont identifié des facteurs influençant l’adoption des pratiques enseignées. L’importance d’adapter les pratiques au contexte québécois est discutée.
- OPEN ACCESSOperating in a small urban Canadian location, Change Clinic is a brief counselling service intended for child and adolescent mental health issues. It blends principles from different strength-based and client-centred approaches to counselling (e.g., solution-focused, narrative, and single session therapies). Using the parent-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, changes in child and adolescent mental health difficulties were assessed. Compared to pre-test scores, significant improvements in behavioural, emotional, and hyperactivity problems were observed six months after delivery of the service. Effect size was estimated to be moderate (.62) based on the Added Value Score calculation. Almost three quarters of clients were served in one to two sessions.
- OPEN ACCESSThere is a growing mental health crisis among university students in Canada. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effect of an in-class mindfulness intervention on the mental health of undergraduate students. Cross-sectional design was used and data were collected using self-reported questionnaires that included scale-rated and open-ended questions (n = 435). Integrating open-ended themes with statistical findings, the final analysis suggests the intervention had a positive effect on the mental health of student participants. A classroom environment that fosters learning, builds community, and encourages compassion were identified as ways in which the intervention “works” to promote positive mental health.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Phyllis Montgomery,
- Amy Wuest,
- Cheryl Forchuk,
- Tracy Smith-Carrier,
- Momodou S. Jeng (Mo), and
- Abraham (Rami) Rudnick
This study describes the meaning of social inclusion to persons living with mental illness and poverty. Participants were recruited from health and social services where they completed the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ). From this sample, 46 participants attended one of three focus groups that corresponded with their self-reported CIQ scores. Thematic analysis showed that regardless of their CIQ scores, participants described freedom as both a liberating process for, and outcome of, social inclusion; freedom allows for the accumulation of health and social capital commensurate with one’s complex needs, and freedom represents success in the construction life surrounded by affirming others. - OPEN ACCESSThe Dalhousie University Social Work Community Clinic, a unique inter-professional community-university initiative, opened its doors in 2014 and has supported over 400 marginalized community members and provided field placements for over 65 health profession students. The clinic espouses a social justice/ anti-oppressive teaching, learning and service delivery platform.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Ginette Aubin,
- Manon Parisien,
- Norma Gilbert,
- Bernadette Dallaire,
- Véronique Billette, and
- Julie Beauchamp
To better support the social participation of seniors with mental health or psychosocial challenges, we developed a manualized group program. Following program testing, participating agencies and group leaders expressed their appreciation of the program and identified its facilitators and barriers. The revised version is available in French and English. - OPEN ACCESS
- Marc Corbière,
- Patrizia Villotti,
- Carolyn S. Dewa,
- Hélène Sultan-Taïeb,
- Franco Fraccaroli,
- Sara Zaniboni,
- Marie-José Durand, and
- Tania Lecomte
Social firms (SFs) are an appealing model for people with a mental health condition who are having difficulties maintaining their employment in a competitive labour market. The goal of this study is to compare the availability of work accommodations in two types of Canadian SFs, by interviewing supervisors working in adapted enterprises and consumer/survivor-run businesses, and by obtaining the perceptions of the workers with a mental health condition regarding the usefulness of these accommodations. Results indicate accommodations in both types of SFs are readily available and useful. A significant difference between the two types of SFs is the availability of a job coach whose presence workers found useful in adapted enterprises. Natural supports from stakeholders (e.g., supervisors, job coach) are important for work sustainability. - OPEN ACCESSQualitative studies provide a different kind of understanding of the effectiveness of community treatment orders (CTOs) by exploring the perspectives of stakeholders. This article documents a systematic review of 12 qualitative studies that explored the views of families of individuals on a CTO. Relevant databases and grey literature were searched. Themes were identified: the benefits of CTOs outweigh the disadvantages, CTOs increased their involvement in care, and families were dissatisfied with aspects of the CTO process. Recommendations include how to maximize the benefits of CTOs, reduce administrative burdens and employ strategies to increase involvement of families in the care of their loved ones.
- OPEN ACCESSThis investigation examined needs and concerns of transgender youth and their families throughout the island of Newfoundland. Twenty-four youth and 21 parents completed qualitative questionnaires. Both parent and youth participants expressed concern about general practitioners’ lack of knowledge of transgender healthcare. Trans youths’ main concerns included lack of parental support, feelings of dysphoria, the desire to be fully accepted, and safety. Parents’ main concerns included wait times for care, their child’s mental health, lack of information or guidance, safety, and depathologizing their children’s identities. The findings point to six key recommendations for healthcare providers and policymakers.
- OPEN ACCESSThis report describes how graduate students in nursing education have developed capacity among student nurses in response to the opioid crisis in Canada by using education on harm reduction practice and naloxone administration.
- OPEN ACCESSTrauma, addiction, and homelessness for Indigenous people are interwoven with colonialism and the loss of culture. I’taamohkanoohsin is a grassroots program that was developed to support healing and recovery for a highly marginalized Indigenous population with concurrent mental health challenges and other complex needs in a downtown core neighbourhood.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Manuel Riemer,
- Carol A. Stalker,
- Livia Dittmer,
- Cheryl-Anne Cait,
- Susan Horton,
- Narges Kermani, and
- Jocelyn Booton
The walk-in counselling (WIC) model of service delivery has been found to reduce psychological distress more quickly than a traditional model of service delivery involving a wait list. A question remains, however, as to the relative benefit of the WIC model for different client groups. The present study uses graphical inspection and multilevel modelling to conduct moderator analyses comparing two agencies, one with a WIC clinic and the other with a traditional wait list approach, and their relative impact on psychological distress. Key findings regarding the differential benefits for different types of presenting problems as well as clients at different stages of change are discussed. - OPEN ACCESS
- Mélanie M. Gagnon,
- Delphine Collin-Vézina,
- Renée Séguin,
- Martine Hébert,
- Mireille Cyr, and
- Isabelle V. Daignault
Le but de l’article est de présenter les résultats d’un consortium d’experts désignés par le Centre d’expertise Marie-Vincent. Le mandat du consortium était d’évaluer l’état des connaissances sur les agressions sexuelles envers les enfants âgés de 5 ans et moins. Cette synthèse met en lumière les défis liés au dépistage, aux enquêtes et à l’évaluation de l’agression sexuelle chez les jeunes enfants. Le manque important de connaissances à ce sujet limite le développement de cadres de référence pour orienter les stratégies de prévention et d’intervention, qui pourtant s’avèrent essentielles pour contribuer au mieux-être des jeunes victimes et de leurs familles. - OPEN ACCESSThis paper describes the development and psychometric testing of the Substance Use Wellness Tool, created to help raise awareness about alcohol and other substance misuse among university undergraduates. The tool is a self- and peer-reflection guide that students can use to monitor and alter their patterns of substance use. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the tool was unidimensional and that all 13 assessed domains were important. Cronbach’s alpha indicated the tool was highly reliable. Construct (convergent) validity for alcohol use with the 10-item AUDIT was also good, with strong correlations overall and within subgroups defined by gender, year of study, and university site.
- OPEN ACCESSAlthough many individual risk factors have been identified for student mental health problems and alcohol misuse, there is a relative paucity of research that examines how variables, such as campus environment, contribute to students’ experiences of these problems. This study examined a series of perceived campus environment factors (e.g., feeling valued, feeling they fit in, believing faculty care about them, perceived administrative concern for mental health and substance abuse) and the relationships among these perceived campus environment variables and students’ mental well-being, risk of harmful drinking, and their willingness to seek help for a substance use or mental health concern. A total of 1,885 first-year undergraduate university students including 938 females, 936 males and 11 “non-binary” participants, from three geographically diverse Canadian university sites, completed online surveys. The results demonstrated significant associations among the perceived campus environment variables and both mental health and alcohol misuse outcomes. It was also observed that whether a student lived in residence or off campus significantly affected which campus environment factors were most associated with their reported mental health and alcohol misuse. Additionally, willingness to help-seek was related with students’ perceptions of campus culture. These patterns globally demonstrated the importance of campus culture for student mental health and alcohol use. Strengths and limitations of the study, as well as directions for future research on the relations of campus culture to mental health, substance use, and help-seeking are discussed.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Ivy-Lee L. Kehayes,
- Amanda Hudson,
- Kara Thompson,
- Christine Wekerle,
- Heather Stuart,
- Keith Dobson,
- Terry Krupa, and
- Sherry H. Stewart
Alcohol intoxication is often involved for both victims and perpetrators of sexual victimization. Yet, alcohol-involved sexual victimization research has mainly focused on female victims, excluding male victims. The current study addresses gaps in the literature by focusing on sex differences in the emotional harms (anxiety and depression symptomatology) experienced by sexual victimization victims when either the perpetrator or victim was drinking. Five-hundred-and-ten undergraduate drinkers (153 male; 357 female) participated. Models included two dichotomized predictors that occurred during participants’ first year of university (sexually victimized when the victim was drinking, sexually victimized by someone who was drinking), and two emotional outcomes (anxiety, depression). Age was controlled in all path analyses and sex was examined as a moderator. When predictors were examined in separate models, both predictors were associated with increased anxiety but not depression. These effects were significantly stronger among men. When both predictors were entered simultaneously, individuals who were victimized by someone drinking displayed increased anxiety, and this relationship was stronger among men than women victims. Being victimized when drinking was no longer associated with anxiety, consistent with prior findings that post-traumatic distress may be minimized when a trauma occurs while the victim is intoxicated. Results highlight the impact sexual victimization can have for both male and female victims, and point to the need for evidence-based policies to prevent emotional second-hand alcohol harms among male and female students alike. - OPEN ACCESSThis paper describes a project that took place at three large Canadian universities aimed at engaging male students to address alcohol misuse and associated mental health issues through a gendered and campus culture lens. Although considerable effort has been put into decreasing alcohol misuse on campuses, most of this effort has been aimed at individual factors, rather than targeting the cultural and gendered context through which most post-secondary students consume alcohol. Gender transformative and gender sensitive health promotion approaches were guiding frameworks for the project. In addition to discussing how gender theory was implemented in a post-secondary context, this paper also explores some of the key features that guided these projects including the Summit Model, social marketing, sharing narratives of alcohol misuse and mental health, and planning for sustainability. Key lessons learned in engaging male students to be involved in challenging gendered norms related to alcohol misuse on campus are discussed.
- OPEN ACCESSThe social norms approach to changing excessive drinking behaviour is predicated upon findings that overestimations of peer drinking predict one’s own drinking behaviour. Prior studies have yet to examine whether such social norms effects pertain equally to both genders. First-year students from a Canadian university (N = 1,155; 696 males, 459 females) were assessed for the relationship between misperceived drinking norms and hazardous drinking using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption scale (AUDIT-C). A significant positive relationship between the overestimated drinking frequency norm and hazardous drinking was determined for female students, where the odds of hazardous drinking increased by 1.92 (95% CI: 1.32–2.79) when the norm of other female students was overestimated. A non-significant association was found for male students, where the odds of hazardous drinking were unrelated to overestimation of the drinking norm of other male students. The null association for male students highlights a potential problem when using social norms interventions for alcohol reduction for males in the university context. Implications of these results for the utilization of the social norms approach to alcohol reduction are discussed.
- OPEN ACCESS
- Heather Stuart,
- Shu-Ping Chen,
- Terry Krupa,
- Tasha Narain,
- Salinda Horgan,
- Keith Dobson, and
- Sherry Stewart
The Caring Campus project was a three-year intervention research project funded by Movember Canada that fostered new awareness regarding the interconnection between gender, mental health, and substance (specifically alcohol) misuse on three university campuses in Canada, and encouraged new approaches to promote young men’s health. In this project, we demonstrated that male students are willing to assume leadership roles to promote mental health and healthier alcohol use to their peers and enact a social agenda for change. Empowerment strategies encouraged male students to enlist like-minded peers to advance men’s mental health and transform campus drinking cultures, including countering gender-based ideals and norms associated with mental health problems and substance misuse. There is now great potential to influence the way in which other post-secondary institutions approach mental wellness and substance misuse using the Caring Campus model, which uses student empowerment to catalyze change. - OPEN ACCESS
- FREE ACCESSTo increase access to evidence-based care, people with depression and anxiety in a Canadian community hospital were offered internet-delivered CBT (iCBT) or in-person CBT. The iCBT outpatients had a lower attrition rate with similar symptom reduction. Our results suggest that other clinics and hospitals could use iCBT to facilitate care.
- FREE ACCESSTransitions (2nd edition) is an evidence-based life-skills resource designed to help post-secondary students transition from high school to college or university. This study was an on-campus evaluation of peer-led seminars of the mental health content from Transitions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the mental health literacy of three groups of students: master trainers, student trainers, and seminar participants. Post-seminar, there were significant improvements in mental health knowledge and help-seeking, two key components of participants’ mental health literacy. This peer-led approach is a feasible option with the potential to improve student mental health literacy within a short time frame.
- FREE ACCESSWe created a person-centred care pathway for people with depression in a primary care team. An electronic form supported clinicians in assessing and documenting depression, accessing guidelines, making referrals and sharing the plan with the client. Assessment, documentation of depression, and referrals for cognitive behaviour therapy increased.
- FREE ACCESSLe présent article décrit le lien entre la santé mentale et l’identité ethnolinguistique des étudiantes et étudiants d’un établissement d’enseignement postsecondaire francophone en contexte linguistique minoritaire dans l’Ouest canadien. Dans l’ensemble, les Franco-Manitobains affichaient une forte identité ethnolinguistique et une meilleure santé mentale. En revanche, les francophones d’un autre pays étaient plus à risque d’éprouver un problème de santé mentale, et ce, malgré une forte identité ethnolinguistique. À l’évidence, pour ces étudiantes et étudiants et ceux d’origine canadienne anglophone, l’identité ethnolinguistique est positivement associée à la santé mentale et devrait donc être considérée de façon plus spécifique au moment de l’élaboration des stratégies de promotion de la santé mentale destinées aux établissements d’enseignement postsecondaire canadiens.
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- Skye Pamela Barbic,
- Sean A. Kidd,
- Zachary T. Durisko,
- Rosemary Yachouh,
- Gausiha Rathitharan, and
- Kwame McKenzie
Personal recovery is an overarching goal that underpins mental health community support and clinical services in Canada. Surprisingly, little information is available about the personal recovery needs of community-dwelling Canadians with mental illness. The purpose of this study is to describe these needs in a sample of adults living in a large urban centre. We performed a multi-site cross-sectional survey of adults who receive community-based mental health services in an urban setting. Participants were asked to complete six patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures about personal recovery, hope, mastery, and depression. We used descriptive and correlational analyses to summarize the data according to an established evidence-based theoretical conceptualization of recovery. Two hundred and twenty-eight individuals participated in the study. Participants indicated high levels of self-reported empowerment and hope and optimism about the future. In contrast, participants reported low levels of perceived connectedness, identity, and meaning in life. In conclusion, this study identified that recovery-oriented PRO measures can improve our understanding of the needs and goals of individuals with mental illness and highlight the ways in which individuals can achieve a sense of meaning in life. Understanding the recovery needs of Canadians with mental illness may help foster recovery-oriented healthcare by bringing person-centred approaches to the point of treatment, so as to ensure greater quality and accountability of mental health services. - FREE ACCESSThis study explored the experiences of persons experiencing chronic homelessness with and without rent assistance. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 participants in order to determine if and how rent assistance impacted participants’ narratives of recovery. These narrative interviews, along with a focus group conducted with 10 support workers, explored implementation factors impacting recovery narratives. The findings suggest that access to rent assistance helps to promote recovery outcomes, conceptualized as life transitions (streets to home, home to community, and past to future), among individuals experiencing chronic homelessness. These transitions were enhanced by various participant, program, and community factors.
- FREE ACCESSHealthcare professionals play an important role in caring for older adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCC). Yet few studies have examined the experiences of working with this population, particularly among non-physicians. Twenty-two mental health professionals participated in focus groups to explore the experiences of caring for older adults with MCC. Challenges included a fragmented system, stigma, and knowledge gaps. Rewards included the challenges that complexity presented and human connections. Understanding health professionals’ experiences in working with this growing population demographic can assist in the development of appropriate interventions to support providers that best meet the needs of older adults.
- OPEN ACCESSSocial and emotional learning is increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the promotion of positive mental health in schools. In 2012, the Mental Health Commission of Canada identified child and youth mental health as a priority for the transformation of mental health systems in Canada. To this end, comprehensive efforts to promote positive social and emotional development in schools and to foster safe and caring school environments are urgently needed. This paper highlights the multi-faceted approach undertaken in British Columbia over the past decade to promote positive mental health through social-emotional learning in schools.
- OPEN ACCESSThe concept of “community” is ubiquitous in mental health policy, research, and practice in Canada; however, its meaning is rarely defined. In this paper, we consider the positioning of “community” within the Canadian historical and political mental health context and reveal that it contrasts with the lived experiences of people with psychiatric disabilities. We argue that mental health policy, research, and practice should move away from the term community in favour of a framework that addresses basic needs, disability justice, intersecting social identities, and the structural forces that impact the lives of people with psychiatric disabilities as they “recover” in settings outside of hospital.
