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Open access

Mental Health, Suicidal Behaviour, and Primary Healthcare among Homeless Youth

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
14 May 2021

Abstract

Youth homelessness is a complex psychosocial problem. It refers to the experience of young people who live without their parents or legal guardians and who do not have the means or the capacity to reside in a stable, secure, and permanent place. This exploratory study sought to examine the mental health and suicidal behaviour of 76 homeless Québec adolescents as part of a reflection on the mission of primary healthcare. Note that these adolescents are mostly in the first segment of the homelessness continuum and have voluntarily left their homes because of personal and family difficulties. These 43 girls and 33 boys aged 12 to 19 living temporarily in shelters completed a semi-structured interview and self-administered questionnaires regarding stressful events, psychosocial stress, and mental health. Of these, 38 reported suicidal behaviour, including attempted suicide in 19 cases. The results show that these young people exemplify a high degree of suffering and multiple problems. Evidence indicates that lost relationships and academic problems rooted in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are linked to suicidal behaviour. Finally, non-productive coping strategies centred on somatization and little reassurance of worth provided by the social support network are associated with suicidal behaviour. Caregivers in temporary shelters should look out for these factors and refer vulnerable youth to primarycare mental health professionals.

Résumé

L’itinérance chez les jeunes est un problème psychosocial complexe. Il renvoie à l’expérience que connaissent des jeunes qui vivent sans leurs parents ou gardiens et qui n’ont pas les moyens ni la capacité de résider dans un lieu stable, sécuritaire et permanent. Cette recherche exploratoire vise à étudier la santé mentale et les conduites suicidaires de 76 adolescents itinérants temporaires québécois dans le cadre d’une réflexion sur la prise en charge en soins de santé primaires. Notons que ces adolescents s’inscrivent majoritairement au premier segment du continuum de l’itinérance et qu’ils ont quitté volontairement leur domicile pour des difficultés personnelles et familiales. Ces jeunes (43 filles et 33 garçons) âgés de 12 à 19 ans, hébergés temporairement dans un refuge, ont été rencontrés afin de participer à une entrevue semi-structurée avec passation de questionnaires autoadministrés portant sur les événements stressants et le stress psychosocial ainsi que leur santé mentale. Parmi eux, 38 présentaient des conduites suicidaires, dont 19 avaient fait une tentative de suicide. Les résultats montrent que ces jeunes présentent une souffrance élevée avec des problèmes multiples. Les données indiquent que les ruptures affectives et les problèmes scolaires enracinés dans un trouble d’attention/hyperactivité sont liés aux conduites suicidaires. Enfin, les stratégies non productives de somatisation et le peu de soutien quant à la réassurance en sa valeur sont associés aux conduites suicidaires. Les intervenants des refuges temporaires sont invités à bien repérer ces éléments afin de les référer à des professionnels en soins primaires de santé mentale.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 39Number 4December 2020
Pages: 25 - 38

History

Version of record online: 14 May 2021

Key Words

  1. homeless youth
  2. mental health
  3. suicidal behaviour
  4. primary health care

Mots-clés

  1. jeune sans-abri
  2. santé mentale
  3. suicidalité
  4. soins de santé primaire

Authors

Affiliations

Réal Labelle [email protected]
Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal Université du Québec à Montréal
Claude Berthiaume
Service de recherche de l'Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies Université de Montréal
Marc Daigle
Centre de recherche et d'intervention sur le suicide, enjeux éthiques et pratiques de fin de vie Université du Québec à Montréal
Jean-Jacques Breton
Service de recherche de l'Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies Université de Montréal
Janie Houle
Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal Université du Québec à Montréal

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