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Paper Type: Article (898)	15 May 2024

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More for the Mind and Its Legacy
- Steve Lurie and
- David S. Goldbloom
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 4 • pp. 7 - 30
More For the Mind was published by the Canadian Mental Health Association in 1963. It reviewed the state of mental health services in Canada and called for transforming the delivery of mental health services from a neglected asylum-based system to a community-focused system where people could access services in general hospitals and the community. The article reviews the history of mental health services in Canada, the legacy of More for the Mind and the prospects for the reforms outlined in Changing Directions, Changing Lives.
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New Developments for Family Caregivers in the Context of Mental Health in Canada
- Ella Amir
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 4 • pp. 143 - 149
In Canada, unpaid caregivers in the context of mental health are starting to receive the attention they deserve. To a certain extent, caregiving in other domains has been already recognized as an essential component of care, especially caregiving to frail elderly and those with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Caregivers of a loved one with mental illness, however, have hardly been on the radar until recently. This report provides contextual background and a brief history of some recent, positive developments in Canada in addressing the needs of caregivers of family members who have mental health problems or illnesses. The role of family caregivers is being defined with increasing precision. Grassroots organizations and government-sponsored institutions are articulating responsive policies for bringing caregivers into the spotlight. While in its early days, there appears to be growing momentum in recognizing the crucial role family caregivers play in the recovery process in mental illness, the special needs that caregivers themselves have as a result of this role, and the economic burden of failing to accord caregivers a prominent place in any overall strategy for dealing with mental health issues on a national level.
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No More “Us” and “Them”: Integrating Recovery and Well-Being into a Conceptual Model for Mental Health Policy
- Gillian Mulvale and
- Mary Bartram
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 4 • pp. 31 - 67
To set the stage for this special edition on Responses to the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: Canadian and International Perspectives on Mobilizing Change, we discuss the role of ideas in the public policy literature and the influence of key ideas over the history of mental health policy. Drawing on academic and policy literature and feedback from a convenience sample of mental health policy makers, we integrate the concepts of recovery and well-being into a conceptual model that can be used by policy makers as a tool to realize the transformative ideas captured in the Mental Health Strategy for Canada.
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Do National Frameworks Help in Local Policy Development? Lessons from Yukon about the Evergreen Child and Youth Mental Health Framework
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 4 • pp. 111 - 128
National frameworks are often put forward as a tool for local policy development, but little is known about their effectiveness. In this case study, the usefulness of Canada's Evergreen National Child and Youth Mental Health Framework (Evergreen) is examined in the development of a Yukon Child and Youth Mental Health and Addictions Framework (CYMHAF). Evergreen content and processes and the reflections of key informants and the research team are analyzed. The findings suggest that national frameworks can play important roles at the program and strategic levels, saving time and money in developing local frameworks, strengthening rigour, and helping to build consensus among local policy-makers.
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Issues and Options for Improving Services for Diverse Populations
- Kwame McKenzie
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 4 • pp. 69 - 88
International migration has led to increasingly diverse populations in many high-income countries. With approximately 250,000 newcomers each year, it should be no surprise that developing services that meet the needs of immigrants, refugees, ethnocultural, and racialized populations (IRER) is a major priority in the Mental Health Strategy for Canada. The published Canadian literature on the mental health of diverse populations concludes that differences in the exposure to social risk factors lead to differences in rates of illness for some groups. Whether rates of illness are high or low in a particular group, however, problems in accessing services are ubiquitous. Improving the service response will require political will, leadership, strategic planning, and data, and must include people with lived experience and the populations at highest risk. This paper outlines the “Issues and Options” paper commissioned by the Mental Health Commission of Canada, which used a thorough literature review and a national consultation to develop a model for service development. A health equity approach that utilizes local-population-based planning and the evidence-based interventions that are available for diverse groups could improve services for IRER groups in Canada.
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Supporting Parenting to Promote Children's Social and Emotional Well-being
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 4 • pp. 129 - 142
The effects of parenting on the healthy development of children and adolescents, and on preventing behavioural, emotional, and social problems, are pervasive. A public health approach to parent education and support can have major impact on the mental health of Canadians. Many of the values and strategic directions advocated by the Mental Health Commission of Canada can be realized in a population-based system for parent support such as the Triple P Positive Parenting Program. Triple P's core principles, program components, and means of implementation are described, with illustrations from across Canada.
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First Nations Mental Wellness: Mobilizing Change through Partnership and Collaboration
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 4 • pp. 89 - 109
A key priority of the mental health strategy for Canada is to establish a coordinated continuum of mental wellness (mental health and substance use) services for and by First Nations, which include traditional, cultural, and mainstream approaches. This paper describes developments critical to informing the strategy and helping to create foundations for systems change at all levels with positive impacts being created in First Nations communities across Canada. Key lessons include the need to create mutually cooperative and respectful working relationships that will foster collaborative partnerships with First Nations in order to effect change in communities, and the use of culture as a foundation to create lasting and meaningful change.
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Special Issue Mobilizing Canada's Mental Health Strategy Introduction
- Steve Lurie and
- Gillian Mulvale
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 4 • pp. 1 - 6
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Responses to the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: Canadian and International Perspectives on Mobilizing Change
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 4 • pp. 159 - 166
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Aging and Homelessness in a Canadian Context
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 35 • No. 1 • pp. 1 - 13
There is a growing body of research examining the experiences of homeless older adults in Canada. Fourteen participants (11 males & 3 females) ages 46 to 57, recruited from the At Home / Chez Soi project in Winnipeg, completed individual semistructured interviews exploring their experiences of homelessness. Most participants reported lifelong intermittent homelessness. We identified 5 main themes that captured the experience of homelessness for older adults: pathways to homelessness; controlled lives; centrality of social relationships; shame and desire for self-reliance; and the challenge of disentanglement from the cycle of homelessness. This study provides insight into the experiences of homeless older adults in Canada. Findings suggest a need for policies and programs to meet the unique needs of homeless older adults.
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It's a Relationship: A Qualitative Exploration of the Challenges to Interorganizational Collaborative Relationships
- Morgan E. Braganza
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 35 • No. 1 • pp. 15 - 28
Interorganizational collaboration is increasingly used to address social issues, but it can fail when the underlying relationships become damaged. This study explores the qualities, characteristics, and processes that can fracture collaborative relationships and the consequences of failing to correct these fractures. Using a qualitative design, interview data were collected from 19 executive directors of Canadian human service organizations. The findings highlight several challenges to collaboration and show the importance of exploring negative outcomes of inaction. An additional aim of this study is to provide strategies for building and nurturing collaborative relationships.
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A Review of Mental Health Approaches for Rural Communities: Complexities and Opportunities in the Canadian Context
- C. Susana Caxaj
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 35 • No. 1 • pp. 29 - 45
Three mental health approaches with potential relevance to rural Canada were reviewed: telepsychiatry, integrated mental health models, and community-based approaches. These approaches have been evaluated in relation to their cost-effectiveness, comprehensiveness, client-centredness, cultural appropriateness, acceptability, feasibility and fidelity; criteria that may vary amidst rural contexts. Collaborative approaches to care, technologies fully integrated into local health systems, multi-sectoral capacity-building, and further engagement with informal social support networks may be particularly promising strategies in rural communities. More research is required to determine rural mental health pathways among diverse social groups, and further, to establish the acceptability of novel approaches in mental health.
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A Feasibility Trial of a Novel Approach to Depression Prevention: Targeting Proximal Risk Factors and Application of a Model of Health-Behaviour Change
- Kristina L. Bradley,
- Darcy A. Santor, and
- Rylee Oram
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 35 • No. 1 • pp. 47 - 61
We aimed to develop and conduct a feasibility trial of a brief intervention to target proximal risk factors (i.e., cognitive vulnerability) to prevent depression, as well as to improve understanding of the mechanism of change in our prevention program by the incorporation of the theory of planned behaviour. Thirty-seven university students participated in an open feasibility trial of a brief CBT-based depression prevention program. Participants completed an online questionnaire pre- and post-intervention. Results indicated that participants experienced pre- to post-intervention improvements in their self-perceived capacity to learn strategies and an increase in positive affect, demonstrating its preliminary effectiveness in reducing risk factors for depression.
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The Family Navigation Project: An innovation in working with families to match mental health services with their youth's needs
- Roula Markoulakis,
- Staci Weingust,
- Jeanne Foot, and
- Anthony Levitt
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 35 • No. 1 • pp. 63 - 66
The Family Navigation Project provides an innovative navigation service that supports families who are struggling with navigating the complex youth mental health and addictions system. Navigators engage one-on-one with families to help them access timely and specialized care for youth experiencing mental health or addictions concerns.
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Détresse psychologique chez les professionnels et professionnelles exerçant une profession réglementée : facteurs explicatifs et pistes de réflexion
- Nathalie Cadieux and
- Alain Marchand
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 3 • pp. 15 - 35
Cette étude vise à cerner les conditions de travail expliquant le niveau de détresse psychologique chez les professionnels et professionnelles exerçant une profession réglementée au Canada. Des analyses de régression multiples multiniveaux furent conduites à partir des données longitudinales de l'Enquête nationale sur la santé de la population (ENSP) où les mesures répétées dans le temps (n₁ = 1 727) sont nichées dans les individus (n₂ = 276). Les résultats tendent à démontrer que seules les heures travaillées contribuent de manière significative à l'expérience de détresse psychologique dans ces professions et que plus la consommation d'alcool augmente, plus l'utilisation des compétences élève le niveau de détresse psychologique.
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La paternité des jeunes pères en contexte économique précaire : les facteurs personnels et environnementaux qui influencent le processus d'adaptation
- Michel Labarre and
- Valérie Roy
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 3 • pp. 37 - 49
Une première transition à la paternité peut être une expérience enrichissante pour certains jeunes pères et une expérience difficile et stressante pour d'autres. Plusieurs facteurs personnels et environnementaux peuvent influencer le processus d'adaptation à la paternité. Cet article rapporte les résultats d'un mémoire de maîtrise qualitatif dont l'un des objectifs consistait à mieux saisir quels sont les facteurs susceptibles d'influencer ce processus. Les résultats recueillis suggèrent que prendre part à la décision de garder l'enfant et le soutien social auquel les jeunes pères ont accès représentent des facteurs cruciaux et déterminants dans leur processus d'adaptation à la paternité.
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The Experiences of Landlords and Clinical and Housing Service Staff in Supportive Independent Housing Interventions
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 3 • pp. 1 - 13
This study documented the perspectives of landlords and clinical and housing service teams for head lease (agency holds the lease) versus rent subsidy (tenant holds the lease) in housing programs for adults with psychiatric disabilities. Sixteen landlords and 24 housing and clinical team members participated in individual or focus-group interviews. It was found that there was less contact between landlords and tenants in the head lease program, where housing teams tended to negotiate trouble spots. Also, head lease programs were marked by intensive oversight and partial (as opposed to full) separation of housing and clinical service teams.
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Using Art to Tell Stories and Build Safe Spaces: Transforming Academic Research Into Action
- Jeff Karabanow and
- Ted Naylor
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 3 • pp. 67 - 85
This paper explores how art can be used to tell stories and actively build safe spaces, and grew out of reflections from a capacity-building and knowledge translation/mobilization project involving 7 young people living on the streets. The paper considers how research can contribute to an examination of anti-oppressive practice and methodology, and an application of it in the field through an arts-based agenda. Conceptually, the paper takes up the postmodern turn in methodological considerations by exploring how the “spectacle” of a research agenda can come to be undone by a more participatory research process. This paper speaks to the processes involved in creating an arts-based environment and, ultimately, the building of a community space for sharing, for reflection, and for mobilization—storytelling not only as a form of art, but as a critical methodology.
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Role of Cultural Beliefs, Religion, and Spirituality in Mental Health and/or Service Utilization among Immigrants in Canada: A Scoping Review
- Ferzana Chaze,
- Mary Susan Thomson,
- Usha George, and
- Sepali Guruge
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 3 • pp. 87 - 101
This paper uses Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework for conducting scoping reviews to examine 25 years of Canadian literature to understand the importance of cultural beliefs, religion, and spirituality in the context of immigrant mental health and/or service utilization. A review of 24 selected articles revealed 4 broad areas relative to the role of religion, spirituality, and culture in these contexts. Based on the findings the authors suggest that in increasingly diverse societies like Canada there is an urgent need for mental health professionals to take into account in their practice their service users’ cultural, religious, and spiritual beliefs.
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Primary Mental Health Care in the Family Health Team Setting: Tracking Patient Care from Referral to Outcome
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health • Vol. 34 • No. 3 • pp. 51 - 65
This study reports on the mental health services provided at a large, multi-site Ontario family health team (FHT) across one year of service delivery, describing a unique model of collaboration between psychology, social work, and primary care medicine. Patient satisfaction ratings and clinical outcomes were examined pre- and post-treatment. Referral patterns, presenting concerns, wait times, and treatment services are also reported. Significant positive outcomes were observed and patient satisfaction was very high. Importantly, short wait times (m = 6.4 weeks) were found relative to traditional mental health settings.
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Search Result

More for the Mind and Its Legacy

New Developments for Family Caregivers in the Context of Mental Health in Canada

No More “Us” and “Them”: Integrating Recovery and Well-Being into a Conceptual Model for Mental Health Policy

Do National Frameworks Help in Local Policy Development? Lessons from Yukon about the Evergreen Child and Youth Mental Health Framework

Issues and Options for Improving Services for Diverse Populations

Supporting Parenting to Promote Children's Social and Emotional Well-being

First Nations Mental Wellness: Mobilizing Change through Partnership and Collaboration

Special Issue Mobilizing Canada's Mental Health Strategy Introduction

Responses to the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: Canadian and International Perspectives on Mobilizing Change

Aging and Homelessness in a Canadian Context

It's a Relationship: A Qualitative Exploration of the Challenges to Interorganizational Collaborative Relationships

A Review of Mental Health Approaches for Rural Communities: Complexities and Opportunities in the Canadian Context

A Feasibility Trial of a Novel Approach to Depression Prevention: Targeting Proximal Risk Factors and Application of a Model of Health-Behaviour Change

The Family Navigation Project: An innovation in working with families to match mental health services with their youth's needs

Détresse psychologique chez les professionnels et professionnelles exerçant une profession réglementée : facteurs explicatifs et pistes de réflexion

La paternité des jeunes pères en contexte économique précaire : les facteurs personnels et environnementaux qui influencent le processus d'adaptation

The Experiences of Landlords and Clinical and Housing Service Staff in Supportive Independent Housing Interventions

Using Art to Tell Stories and Build Safe Spaces: Transforming Academic Research Into Action

Role of Cultural Beliefs, Religion, and Spirituality in Mental Health and/or Service Utilization among Immigrants in Canada: A Scoping Review

Primary Mental Health Care in the Family Health Team Setting: Tracking Patient Care from Referral to Outcome

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